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|image=Hindko.svg |imagesize=200px |imagecaption=''Hindko'' in Shahmukhi |states=Pakistan |region= Northern Punjab region: (Peshawar, Kohat, Hazara Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pothohar Plateau, Punjab, Azad Kashmir) |speakers=625,000 |date=1981 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=Indo-Iranian |fam3=Indo-Aryan |fam4=Northwestern |fam5=Western Punjabi |dia1=Hazara Hindko |dia2=Peshweri |dia3=Kohati |dia4=Tanuali |script=Shahmukhi Script |iso3=hnd |iso3comment=(Southern Hindko) |glotto=sout2668 |glottorefname=Southern Hindko |notice=Indic }} Hindko ( ALA-LC: ), also known as ''Panjistani'' or (ambiguously) as ''Pahari'',〔Shackle, "Lahnda", in Brown & Ogilvie, eds, ''Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World''〕 is a part of Western Punjabi (Lahnda) of the Indo-Aryan (Indic) language family spoken in Northern Pakistan and India as well as by the Hindki people of Afghanistan. Hindko follows the standardized Punjabi Shahmukhi script for writing.〔http://www.omniglot.com/writing/punjabi.htm: Shahmukhi Alphabet Example〕〔http://www.apnaorg.com/shahmukhi/ : Shahmukhi Alphabets〕 The literal meaning of the word "Hindko" is "Mountains of India"---a name the Persians gave to the entire Himalaya Mountains. The word "Hind" is the Persianised reference to the regions associated with the Indus River immediately to the east of Persia and "Ko" means mountains. The word Hindko has also been interpreted to mean the language of India. The term is also found in Greek references to the mountainous region in eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan as Καύκασος Ινδικός (Caucasus Indicus). The language is spoken in the areas of the North West Frontier Province (including Hazara), Punjab (including Attock), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir by an estimated 8 to 10 million people. ==Name== The name ''Hindko'' simply means "Indian" (of the Indus),〔(- Gerieson Linguistic Survey of India ) 〕 and has been applied to various dialects spoken in northern Pakistan, in the areas of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (including Hazara), Punjab especially Pothohar Plateau, Pakistan Administered Kashmir, including by some Pashtun tribes, as well as by the Hindki people of Afghanistan. The name is found in Greek references to the mountainous region in eastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan as Καύκασος Ινδικός (''Caucasus Indicus'', or Hindu Kush). There is no generic name for these people because they belong to diverse ethnic groups and tend to identify themselves by the larger families or castes. However the people of the largest group in the districts of Haripur, Abbottabad, Mansehra, Battagram and Kohistan are sometimes recognised collectively as Hazarawal, named after the defunct Hazara Division that comprised these districts. In Peshawar city they are called Peshawari or "Kharay" by Pashtuns meaning City-dwellers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hindko dialect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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